Uji Makanan

Jaringan tumbuhan

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Sistem hormon

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Kehamilan (Gestasi)

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Implantasi

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Fertilisasi

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Sistem Reproduksi

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Alat Indera

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Sistem saraf manusia

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Sistem ekskresi hewan

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Sistem ekskresi manusia

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Sistem pernafasan hewan

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Sistem pernafasan manusia

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Animasi Sistem Pencernaan

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Sistem pencernaan manusia

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Sistem pernafasan

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Soal isian pencernaan

Isilah titik di bawah ini dengan jawaban yang tepat!

Makanan yang diperlukan tubuh harus mengandung :______, _______, ________, _________, ________, ________

Makanan higienis adalah makanan yang tidak mengandung : _________ dan ________ kesehatan tubuh

Zat makanan yang dapat disimpan dalam tubuh adalah : _______, _________

Zat makanan yang tidak dapat disimpan dalam tubuh adalah_________

Kandungan jumlah kalori terbesar terdapat pada zat makanan yang mengandung : __________

Penyakit busung lapar disebabkan karena kekurangan : ____________

Karbohidrat dapat dibagi berdasarkan 3 gugus gulanya yaitu : ___________, ___________, ___________

Asam amino yang harus dudatangkan dari luar tubuh seperti tirosin, sistein, triptofan dan fenilalanin disebut asam amino ____________

Contoh sumber protein hewani adalah : ________, __________, ________

Contoh senyawa lemak sederhana adalah __________, _________, _________

Pencernaan lemak tidak terjadi di mulut dan lambung tapi terjadi dalam ________

Lipoprotein adalah persenyawaan antara ________ dan _______

Kekurangan protein pada anak-anak dapat menyebabkan penyakit __________

Proses hidrolisis adalah penguaraian dengan molekul ________

Proses oksidasi memiliki 3 tahap yaitu ____________, ______________, _______________

Kalsium sangat diperlukan dalam ____________, _____________

Fluor diperlukan untuk ___________________

Sumber utama fluor di dapat dari makanan: ____________, ___________, ______________

Gene Therapy

Gene Therapy   A few years ago, a clinical trial began in France in the hope of curing children with a type of genetic immune deficiency called SCID-X1. Children with this disease have a defective gene, called gamma-c, which prevents a subset of the cells of the immune system from forming, and predisposes the children to life-threatening infections. In an attempt to cure the children—who would otherwise die at a young age—physicians used gene therapy to provide them with normal gamma-c genes.
This particular trial has had striking success as well as tragedy. Eight of the eleven children are currently thriving. However, in two cases the therapy successfully introduced gamma-c genes, but these children have since developed leukemia. In both children, a gamma-c gene inserted next to another gene, called LMO2. The LMO2 gene has previously been linked to leukemia, and scientists speculate that the insertion of the gamma-c gene next to LMO2 may have overstimulated the gene, causing T cells to proliferate in excess. An LMO2 effect, in combination with the proliferation-inducing effects of the gamma-c gene itself, may be the cause of the leukemia in these two patients. Scientists are still investigating other possible causes.
From this single trial, it is clear that gene therapy holds significant promise, yet it is also clear that it poses significant risks. To learn more about the application of gene therapy in SCID, view the accompanying animation.

animasi Gene Therapy

sumber : www.sumanasinc.com  

Human Embryonic Stem Cells

 Human Embryonic Stem Cells  

One of the most exciting frontiers in medicine is the potential use of stem cells for treating a host of congenital, developmental, or degenerative diseases for which there are no cures. Cell replacement strategies are particularly relevant in tissues and organs that have little capacity for self-repair. One such organ is the brain; nerve cells or neurons are known to be very restricted in their capacity to regenerate following damage or disease, and the adult brain and spinal cord appear to have only a limited ability to produce new neurons. This is one reason why recovery is often limited when the nervous system is injured.

The goal of cell replacement is to develop therapies where stem cells are first induced to differentiate into specified cells of choice, then transplanted into patients to replace damaged or dysfunctional tissues. It is hoped that the replacement and integration of lost cells will be able to restore functions and behaviors compromised by the disease condition.

Embryonic stem cells possess two properties that make them especially well suited for cell therapy. First, because embryonic stem cells are obtained from early blastocysts, they are at a very early developmental stage, and retain the flexibility to become any one of the more than 200 cell types that make up the human body. Given the right combination of signals, embryonic stem cells will develop into mature cells that can function as neurons, muscles, bone, blood or other needed cell types. Stem cells with such flexibility are described as "pluripotent," to indicate their high potential to differentiate into a wide variety of cell types.

A second feature of embryonic stem cells is their ability to remain in an undifferentiated state and to divide indefinitely. This property of "self-renewal" means that essentially unlimited numbers of identical, well-defined, genetically and genomically characterized stem cells can be produced in culture for medical use.

View the animation to learn more about embryonic stem cells, and their potential for the treatment of type I diabetes. 

animasi Human Embryonic Stem Cells
sumber : www.sumanasinc.com  

Animated Tutorials: Environmental Science

How a Solar Cell Works
The Global Carbon Cycle
The Phosphorous Cycle
The Greenhouse Effect